ELN Twin Win
ELN Twin Win is a direct subtype of ELN T1
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TYPE INCLUSION RELATIONSHIPS
AVAILABLE FUNCTIONS
AVAILABLE CREATE FUNCTION KEYS
TYPICAL OBJECTS OF TYPE ELN Twin Win
This type represents what is commonly known as "Twin-Win Equity Linked Note" or "Bear-Bear Equity Linked Note"
A typical term sheet is the here
Summary
Scroll below for the payoff charts.
The note's payoff amount is based on the performance of the worst performing underlying, referred below as the minimum performance.
There exist both a knock-out and a knock-in barrier that are observed throughout the note's life with given frequencies.
If the note is knocked out, the investor receives immediately the principal plus accrued interest and the note expires.
Otherwise the payoff occurs at maturity as follows:
If knocked in, the investor participates in both the hike and fall of the minimum performance, i.e. wins from the upside but loses from the downside.
If not knocked in, the investor still participates in the hike of the minimum performance, but does so with a short position when it comes to a fall, i.e. wins from both the upside and downside.
Details
Underlying
The note references n stocks or stock indices S₁ , S₂ , ... , Sₙ with n ≥ 1, all of the same currency.
At any given observation time t in the future, these stocks (or stock indices) will have corresponding market prices S₁(t) , S₂(t) , ... , Sₙ(t).
The note also defines fixed so-called reference prices S⁰₁ , S⁰₂ , ... , S⁰ₙ
The payoff and the various triggers depend only on the performances P₁(t) , P₂(t) , ... , Pₙ(t) - also referred to as growth factors - defined as follows:
P₁(t) , P₂(t) , ... , Pₙ(t) = S₁(t)/S⁰₁ , S₂(t)/S⁰₂ , ... , Sₙ(t)/S⁰ₙ
Explicitly:
P₁(t) = S₁(t)/S⁰₁
P₂(t) = S₂(t)/S⁰₂
...
Pₙ(t) = Sₙ(t)/S⁰ₙ
From a quantitative perspective, the performances P₁(t) , P₂(t) , ... , Pₙ(t) may be regarded as the note's underlyings.
Coupon
This note does not pay a regular coupon.
Knock-Out
A knock-out event may occur at any time t that is part of a predefined set of u knock-out observation dates Tᴷᴼ₁ , Tᴷᴼ₂ , ... , Tᴷᴼᵤ.
The dates Tᴷᴼ₁ , Tᴷᴼ₂ , ... , Tᴷᴼᵤ are typically set through the stipulation of a knock-out observation frequency, such as monthly.
The knock-out event depends on the minimum performance PMIN(t), defined as below in the knock-in section.
A knock-out event occurs if:
PMIN(t) ≥ BKO
where BKO is a fixed number - such as 100% - referred to as the knock-out barrier.
If a knock-out event occurs, the investor receives the principal plus the accrued interest since the note's issue date based on a stipulated fixed interest rate r.
Knock-In
A knock-in event may occur at any time t that is part of a predefined set of v knock-in observation dates Tᴷᴵ₁ , Tᴷᴵ₂ , ... , Tᴷᴵᵥ.
The dates Tᴷᴵ₁ , Tᴷᴵ₂ , ... , Tᴷᴵᵥ are typically set through the stipulation of a knock-in observation frequency, such as monthly.
The knock-in event depends on the minimum performance PMIN(t), defined as:
PMIN(t) = min(P₁(t) , P₂(t) , ... , Pₙ(t))
A knock-in event occurs if:
PMIN(t) ≤ BKI
where BKI is a fixed number - such as 80% - referred to as the knock-in barrier.
The occurrence, or non-occurrence, of a knock-in event affects the redemption payment at the note's maturity, as seen below.
Redemption
The redemption amount at maturity T depends on whether a knock-in event has been observed at or before T.
There exist therefore two scenarios:
Redemption if a knock-in event has occurred
Let P denote the performance at T of the worst performing asset.
Equivalently, define P as:
P = PMIN(T)
In this case the payoff diagram at T looks as below, where the horizontal axis spans the P and the vertical axis spans the payoff per unit notional.
There exist 3 regimes depicted with different colors.
The formulas for the various linear segments are as follows.
Equity Linked Loss segment (red line)
Payoff = (N/K)P if P < K
where N is the note's notional.
Note that in most term sheets this payoff is formulated differently - but equivalently - in terms of an allocation of shares to the investor, as described at info_#1
Example 1
N = 100 USD, K = 90%, P = 90%, then payoff = ((100 USD) / 90%) * 90% = 100 USD
Example 2
N = 100 USD, K = 90%, P = 85%, then payoff = ((100 USD) / 90%) * 85% = 94.44 USD
Principal Only, Zero Return segment (black line)
Payoff = N if K ≤ P < 1
Equity Participation variant (inclined green line)
Payoff = NP if 1 ≤ P
Example
N = 100 USD, P = 120%, then payoff = (100 USD) * 120% = 120 USD
Redemption if no knock-in event has occurred
In this case the payoff diagram at T looks as below.
It is obvious that the absence of a knock-in event is advantageous for the investor .
The applicable formula is:
Payoff = -NP + 2N if P < 1
Example
N = 100 USD, P = 90%, then payoff = -(100 USD)90% + 2(100 USD) = -90 USD + 200 USD = 110 USD
Payoff = NP if 1 ≤ P
Example
N = 100 USD, P = 110%, then payoff = (100 USD)110% = 110 USD